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<title>Advanced learner's dictionary</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Advanced learner's dictionary</span></span>

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<p>The <b>advanced learner's dictionary</b> is the most common type of <a href="Monolingual_learner's_dictionary" title="Monolingual learner's dictionary">monolingual learner's dictionary</a>, that is, a <a href="Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a> written in one language only, for someone who is learning a <a href="Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">foreign language</a>. It differs from a <a href="Bilingual_dictionary" title="Bilingual dictionary">bilingual</a> or <a href="Translation" title="Translation">translation</a> dictionary, a standard dictionary written for <a href="Native_speakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Native speakers">native speakers</a>, or a children's dictionary. Its definitions are usually built on a restricted <a href="Defining_vocabulary" title="Defining vocabulary">defining vocabulary</a>. "Advanced" usually refers learners with a proficiency level of B2 or above according to the <a href="Common_European_Framework_of_Reference_for_Languages" title="Common European Framework of Reference for Languages">Common European Framework</a>. Basic learner's dictionaries also exist.

</p><p>Although these advanced dictionaries have been produced for learners of several languages (including Chinese, Dutch, German, and Spanish), the majority are written for <a href="English_as_a_second_or_foreign_language" title="English as a second or foreign language">learners of English</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Printed">Printed</h2></div>

<p>The best-known advanced learner's dictionaries are:

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<ul><li><i><a href="Oxford_Advanced_Learner's_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary</a></i>, first published in 1948.</li>

<li><i><a href="Longman_Dictionary_of_Contemporary_English" title="Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English">Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</a></i>, first published in 1978.</li>

<li><i><a href="COBUILD" title="COBUILD">Collins Cobuild</a> English Dictionary</i>, first published in 1987 and now published as <i><a href="Collins_COBUILD_Advanced_Dictionary" title="Collins COBUILD Advanced Dictionary">Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's Dictionary</a></i>.</li>

<li><i><a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge</a> International Dictionary of English</i>, first published in 1995 and now published as <i><a href="Cambridge_Advanced_Learner's_Dictionary" title="Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary">Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary</a></i>.</li>

<li><i><a href="Macmillan_English_Dictionary_for_Advanced_Learners" title="Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners">Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners</a></i>, first published in 2002.</li>

<li><i><a href="Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a>'s Advanced Learner's English Dictionary</i>, first published in 2008.</li></ul>

<p>The Macmillan dictionary is no longer being maintained: it went online-only in the 2010s and shut down entirely in 2023. So there are four popular learner's dictionaries for <a href="British_English" title="British English">British English</a> that are still active, while <i>Merriam-Webster's</i> aims for <a href="American_English" title="American English">American English</a> in particular.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Online">Online</h2></div>

<p>Online dictionary resources provide attractive support to advanced learners. The <a href="Open_Dictionary_of_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Dictionary of English">Open Dictionary of English</a> is specifically designed to serve as a learner's dictionary. Visitors can register for free, adaptive tutoring, which seamlessly integrates with the dictionary.

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<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_English_dictionaries" title="Comparison of English dictionaries">Comparison of English dictionaries</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBogaards2010" class="citation journal cs1">Bogaards, Paul (July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160928131012/http://kdictionaries.com/kdn/kdn18.pdf">"The evolution of learners' dictionaries and <i>Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's English Dictionary</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Kernerman Dictionary News</i> (18): <span class="nowrap">6–</span>15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kdictionaries.com/kdn/kdn18.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-15</span></span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHeuberger2016" class="citation book cs1">Heuberger, Reinhard (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3yjYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25">"Learner's Dictionaries: History and Development; Current Issues"</a>. In Durkin, Philip (ed.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Lexicography</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">25–</span>43. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780199691630</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSzynalski" class="citation web cs1">Szynalski, Tomasz P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antimoon.com/how/learners-dictionaries-review.htm">"Comparative review of dictionaries for English learners"</a>. <i>Antimoon</i>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<dl><dt>Crowdsourced</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.LearnThat.org/dictionary/"><i>Open Dictionary of English</i></a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wordnik.com/">Wordnik</a></li>

<li><a class="external text external" href="https://www.wiktionary.org/">Wiktionary</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt>Commercial</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/"><i>Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary</i></a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english"><i>Collins COBUILD Advanced Dictionary</i></a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ldoceonline.com/"><i>Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</i></a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macmillandictionary.com/"><i>Macmillan English Dictionary</i> Online</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learnersdictionary.com/"><i>Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's English Dictionary</i></a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/"><i>Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary</i></a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Dictionaries_of_English322" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dictionaries of English</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Old_English" title="Old English">Old</a> and <a href="Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="An_Anglo-Saxon_Dictionary" title="An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary">An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Dictionary_of_Old_English" title="Dictionary of Old English">Dictionary of Old English</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Middle_English_Dictionary" title="Middle English Dictionary">Middle English Dictionary</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Catholicon_Anglicum" title="Catholicon Anglicum">Catholicon Anglicum</a></i> (1483)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_English_Schoole-Master" title="The English Schoole-Master">The English Schoole-Master</a></i> (1596)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_New_World_of_English_Words" title="The New World of English Words">The New World of English Words</a></i> (1658)</li>

<li><i><a href="A_New_English_Dictionary" title="A New English Dictionary">A New English Dictionary</a></i> (1702)</li>

<li><i><a href="An_Universal_Etymological_English_Dictionary" title="An Universal Etymological English Dictionary">An Universal Etymological English Dictionary</a></i> (1721)</li>

<li><a href="A_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="A Dictionary of the English Language">Johnson's <i>A Dictionary of the English Language</i></a> (1755)</li>

<li><i><a href="Webster's_Dictionary" title="Webster's Dictionary">Webster's Dictionary</a></i> (1828)</li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Emerson_Worcester" title="Joseph Emerson Worcester">Worcester's <i>Dictionary</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Richardson_(lexicographer)" title="Charles Richardson (lexicographer)">Richardson's <i>New Dictionary</i></a></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Imperial_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language">Imperial Dictionary</a></i> (1847–1850)</li>

<li><i><a href="Century_Dictionary" title="Century Dictionary">Century Dictionary</a></i> (1889–1891)</li>

<li><i><a href="World_Book_Dictionary" title="World Book Dictionary">World Book Dictionary</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Dictionary_of_American_English" title="Dictionary of American English">Dictionary of American English</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="British_English" title="British English">British English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Chambers_Dictionary" title="Chambers Dictionary">Chambers</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins</a></i></li>

<li><i>Oxford</i>

<li><i><a href="Compact_Oxford_English_Dictionary_of_Current_English" title="Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English">Compact</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Concise_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Concise Oxford English Dictionary">Concise</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Shorter_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Shorter Oxford English Dictionary">Shorter</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Penguin_English_Dictionary" title="Penguin English Dictionary">Penguin</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="American_English" title="American English">American English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">American Heritage</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Dictionary_of_American_Regional_English" title="Dictionary of American Regional English">American Regional</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Encarta_Webster's_Dictionary" title="Encarta Webster's Dictionary">Encarta</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="New_Oxford_American_Dictionary" title="New Oxford American Dictionary">New Oxford American</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Random_House_Webster's_Unabridged_Dictionary" title="Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary">Random House Webster's</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Webster's_New_World_Dictionary" title="Webster's New World Dictionary">Webster's New World</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Webster's_Third_New_International_Dictionary" title="Webster's Third New International Dictionary">Webster's Third New International</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Canadian_Oxford_Dictionary" title="Canadian Oxford Dictionary">Canadian Oxford</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="A_Dictionary_of_Canadianisms_on_Historical_Principles" title="A Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles">Dictionary of Canadianisms</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Dictionary_of_Newfoundland_English" title="Dictionary of Newfoundland English">Dictionary of Newfoundland English</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Gage_Canadian_Dictionary" title="Gage Canadian Dictionary">Gage Canadian</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Australian_National_Dictionary" title="The Australian National Dictionary">Australian National</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Australian_Oxford_Dictionary" title="Australian Oxford Dictionary">Australian Oxford</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Macquarie_Dictionary" title="Macquarie Dictionary">Macquarie</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_online_dictionaries" title="List of online dictionaries">Online</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Collaborative_International_Dictionary_of_English" title="Collaborative International Dictionary of English">Collaborative International Dictionary of English</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_Dictionary" title="Urban Dictionary">Urban Dictionary</a></li>

<li><a href="Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a></li>

<li><a href="Wordnik" title="Wordnik">Wordnik</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Monolingual_learner's_dictionary" title="Monolingual learner's dictionary">Learners</a> / <a href="English_as_a_second_or_foreign_language" title="English as a second or foreign language">ESL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Cambridge_Advanced_Learner's_Dictionary" title="Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary">Cambridge Advanced Learner's</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Collins_COBUILD_Advanced_Dictionary" title="Collins COBUILD Advanced Dictionary">Collins COBUILD Advanced</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Longman_Dictionary_of_Contemporary_English" title="Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English">Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Macmillan_English_Dictionary_for_Advanced_Learners" title="Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners">Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Merriam-Webster's_Advanced_Learner's_English_Dictionary" title="Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's English Dictionary">Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Oxford_Advanced_Learner's_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">Oxford Advanced Learner's</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lexicography194" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lexicography194" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Lexicography" title="Lexicography">Lexicography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="Reference_work" title="Reference work">reference works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dictionary" title="Dictionary">Dictionary</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary" title="Glossary">Glossary</a></li>

<li><a href="Lexicon" title="Lexicon">Lexicon</a></li>

<li><a href="Phrase_book" title="Phrase book">Phrase book</a></li>

<li><a href="Thesaurus" title="Thesaurus">Thesaurus</a></li></ul>

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<li><a href="Electronic_dictionary" title="Electronic dictionary">Electronic</a></li>

<li><a href="Encyclopedic_dictionary" title="Encyclopedic dictionary">Encyclopedic</a></li>

<li><a href="Etymological_dictionary" title="Etymological dictionary">Etymological</a></li>

<li><a href="Explanatory_dictionary" title="Explanatory dictionary">Explanatory</a></li>

<li>Field

<ul><li><a href="Multi-field_dictionary" title="Multi-field dictionary">Multi-field</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-field_dictionary" title="Single-field dictionary">Single-field</a></li>

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<li><a href="Historical_dictionary" title="Historical dictionary">Historical</a></li>

<li><a href="Idiom_dictionary" title="Idiom dictionary">Idiom</a></li>

<li><a href="Language-for-specific-purposes_dictionary" title="Language-for-specific-purposes dictionary">Language-for-specific-purposes</a></li>

<li><a href="Machine-readable_dictionary" title="Machine-readable dictionary">Machine-readable</a></li>

<li><a href="Medical_dictionary" title="Medical dictionary">Medical</a></li>

<li><a href="Monolingual_learner's_dictionary" title="Monolingual learner's dictionary">Monolingual learner's</a></li>

<li><a href="Picture_dictionary" title="Picture dictionary">Picture</a></li>

<li><a href="Reverse_dictionary" title="Reverse dictionary">Reverse</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhyme_dictionary" title="Rhyme dictionary">Rhyme</a></li>

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<li><a href="Specialized_dictionary" title="Specialized dictionary">Specialized</a></li>

<li><a href="Spelling#Standards_and_conventions" title="Spelling">Spelling dictionary</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_dictionary" title="Visual dictionary">Visual</a></li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="International_scientific_vocabulary" title="International scientific vocabulary">International scientific vocabulary</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_lexicographers" title="List of lexicographers">List of lexicographers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_online_dictionaries" title="List of online dictionaries">List of online dictionaries</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3ALinguistics" title="Portal:Linguistics">Linguistics portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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